Carbon cycle and GHG Climate resilience Biodiversity

1. Presentation

Characterization of the technique

Description of the technique:

Photo credit: Spedona (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Julien Halska	INRA	Julien.Halska(at)grignon.inra.fr	Dijon (21)
Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy	INRA	Marie-Helene.Jeuffroy(at)grignon.inra.fr	Grignon (78)

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The use of varieties resistant to lodging and/or autumn elongation helps reduce the risk of lodging and leads to reduced use or elimination of growth regulators. For sensitive species, this is therefore one of the criteria to consider when choosing varieties. The ranking of varieties according to their sensitivity to lodging is generally available from advisory organizations.

Example of implementation:

Choose varieties with a lodging resistance rating above 6, 7, or 8 depending on the context (soil type, available nitrogen, planned sowing density, etc.) and the level of risk involved (see the sheet Evaluate lodging risk on this subject). For example, winter soft wheat varieties Boisseau, Paledor, Toisondor have high resistance levels. Winter barley varieties Cartel, Orbise, or Bivouac are among the most lodging-resistant.

Implementation period On established crop

Spatial scale of implementation Plot

Application of the technique to...

All crops: Easily generalizable

For crops sensitive to lodging:

cereals with straw: Oat (Winter and Spring), Durum wheat and soft wheat (Winter and Spring), Barley (Winter and Spring), Spelt and small spelt (einkorn), Rye (Winter and Spring), Triticale (Winter and Spring), Rice

- oilseeds: Winter Rapeseed (The late winter growth regulator may have the objective of homogenizing the maturity of the different branches of rapeseed), spring Flax seed, winter Flax seed.

protein crops: Fava beans (Growth regulator applications are less frequent on winter fava bean than on spring fava bean. On spring fava bean, regulation may aim to avoid yield loss due to excessive growth causing abortion of lower flowers from lack of light), winter and spring Pea (No growth regulator is applied to pea. However, good stem strength reduces disease risks and facilitates harvesting).
Others: Winter fiber flax (growth regulator application possible but delicate), spring fiber flax (growth regulator application possible but delicate).

All soil types: Easily generalizable

All climatic contexts: Easily generalizable

Regulation

The use of soft wheat varieties fairly resistant to lodging and pests is subject to a CEPP sheet (action no. 29: Reduce the number of treatments by means of soft wheat varieties fairly resistant to pests and lodging).

2. Services provided by the technique

3. Effects on the sustainability of the cropping system

"Environmental" criteria

Effect on air quality: Increasing

particle emission: DECREASE

Effect on fossil resource consumption: Decreasing

fossil energy consumption: DECREASE

phosphorus consumption: DECREASE

Other: No effect (neutral)

Air: Growth regulators are not among the most frequently detected molecules in the air. They are sometimes monitored, but it is relatively difficult to find figures. Reduction of GHG emissions possible if the number of passes is reduced.

Water: Growth regulators are not among the most frequently detected molecules in water. They are sometimes monitored, but it is relatively difficult to find figures.

Fossil energy: Possibly one or two fewer sprayer passes.

"Agronomic" criteria

Productivity: No effect (neutral)

Productive and lodging-resistant varieties are available.

Soil fertility: No effect (neutral)

Water stress: No effect (neutral)

Functional Biodiversity: No knowledge on impact

The impact of growth regulators on biodiversity is poorly documented.

"Economic" criteria

Operating costs: Variable

Possible savings on growth regulators.

Mechanization costs: Variable

Possibly one or two fewer sprayer passes.

Margin: Variable

Allows savings on product and pass(es).

"Social" criteria

Working time: Variable

Fewer mechanical passes (sprayer) if the choice of a lodging-resistant variety is combined with adapted fertilization and density.

Effect on farmer health: Decreasing

Stress: Increased stress from seeing the crop lodge (fear that should fade after 2 to 3 years of practice reducing growth regulator use).

Observation time: No effect (neutral)

Using a lodging-resistant variety does not require additional observations. Either lodging risk assessment remains necessary, or it is not because conditions strongly limit this risk.

4. Organisms favored or disadvantaged

Favored Pests

Organism	Impact of the technique	Type	Details

Disadvantaged pests

Organism	Impact of the technique	Type	Details

Favored Beneficials

Organism	Impact of the technique	Type	Details

Disadvantaged beneficials

Organism	Impact of the technique	Type	Details

Favored climatic and physiological accidents

Organism	Impact of the technique	Details

Disadvantaged climatic and physiological accidents

Organism	Impact of the technique	Details

5. To learn more

Agronomy and growth regulators: sheltered from lodging
-Gérard Citron (Arvalis)

Perspectives Agricoles no. 331, 01/02/2007, pp 42-43, Press article, 2007

link to the article

Rapeseed: growth regulators
-Terres Inovia

Website, 2017

site

Interactions between cultivar and crop management effects on winter wheat diseases, lodging, and yield
-Loyce C. (INRA); Meynard J.M. (INRA); Bouchard C. (INRA); Rolland B. (INRA); Lonnet P. (Florimond Desprez); Bataillon P. (INRA); Bernicot M.H. (Arvalis); Bonnefoy M. (Arvalis); Charrier X. (INRA); Debote I. (INRA); Demarquet T. (Florimond Desprez); Dupperrier B. (Nickerson Verneuil); Félix I. (Arvalis); Heddadj D. (CA Morbihan); Leblanc O. (Ets C.C. Benoist); Leleu M. (INRA); Mangin P. (INRA); Méausoone M. (Serasem); Doussinault G. (INRA)

Crop Protection, 27, 1131-1142, Peer-reviewed article, 2001

article

Protein pea in organic farming
-Biarnes V. (UNIP); Carrouée B. (UNIP); Bouttet D. (Arvalis-UNIP); Chaillet I. (Arvalis UNIP); Fontaine L. (ITAB); Collin F. (FNAMS); Prieur L. (CREAB Auch); Salitot G. (CA Oise)

ITAB, Arvalis, UNIP, Technical brochure, 2009

link to the brochure

Are growth regulators a necessary step?
-Gate P. (Arvalis)

Perspectives Agricoles no. 342, February 2008, Press article, 2008