STIR

From Triple Performance
Technical articles - FiBL
Field crops Field crops

The STIR (Soil Tillage Intensity Rating) is an indicator that measures the intensity of mechanical soil disturbances caused by agricultural work[1][2]. Initially developed by the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) to assess erosion risk, this tool was adapted by the FiBL (Research Institute of Organic Agriculture) to help farmers understand the impact of their practices on soils[1].

Calculation of STIR

STIR takes into account several factors to calculate a score:

  • The type of machines used
  • The working speed
  • The working depth
  • The worked surface area

Each mechanical action receives a score, and the sum of these actions determines a rating per crop[1]. The higher the score, the more the cultivation method is considered disturbing to the soil[1].

Different practices with the associated STIR score

Usage and interpretation

  • A low STIR score indicates less disturbing practices for the soil.
  • A high STIR score suggests more intensive and potentially more damaging practices for soil structure.

For example, conventional plowing (STIR > 120) is considered more disturbing than no-till with diverse winter cover crops (STIR < 60)[3].

STIR allows farmers to compare different technical routes and adjust their practices to reduce the impact on soils[1]. It can be calculated for a specific crop or for an entire farm operation[1].


STIR Values (CEAP)[4]
CEAP Name Description STIR Operation Type
Chisel Plow CHISEL PLOW GT15FT 66 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Coulter Plow COULTER-CHISEL PLOW 32 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Deep Ripper DEEP RIPPER- SUBSOILER 64 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Disk Plow DISK PLOW LT23FT 42 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Moldboard-Regular MOLDBOARD PLOW REG GE7B 69 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Moldboard-Two-way MOLDBOARD PLOW 2-WAY 4- 6B 53 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Stubble-mulch STUBBLE-MULCH PLOW

GT15FT

32 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Subsoiler DEEP RIPPER- SUBSOILER 52 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Disk-chisel DISK CHISEL (MULCH TILLER 21 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Offset Disk-Heavy Disk OFFSET DIS/HEAVDUTY14-18F 31 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Offset Disk-Light Disk OFFSET DIS/LGHTDUTY14-18F 27 Plow, Cultivate, Other
One-way Disk ONE-WAY (DISK TILLER) 27 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Single Disk SINGLE DISK 27 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Tandem Disk-Plowing TANDEM DISK PLW 14-18FT 39 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Tandem Disk-Regular TANDEM DISK REG 14-18FT 33 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Paraplow PARAPLOW 16 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Field Cultivator FIELD CULTIVATOR GE15FT 22 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Furrow-out FURROW-OUT CULTIVATOR 16 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rotary Hoe ROTARY HOE 17 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Row-Disk Sweep, Shovel; cultivator ROLLING CULTIVATOR GE15FT 16 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Row-Rolling, Rotary LILLISTON CULTIVATOR 13 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Field Cultivator-Heavy Duty FIELD CULTIVATOR GE15FT 31 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Marker MARKER (CULTIVATOR) 1 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Fallow Master FIELD CULTIVATOR GE15FT 22 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Heavy Harrow SPIKE TOOTH HARROW

GT25FT

16 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Field Conditioner FIELD COND (SCRATCHER) 12 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Finishing Harrow FINISHING HARROW GE15FT 9 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Flex-tine Tooth Harrow FLEX-TINE HARROW CL GE20F 8 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Multi-weeder MULTI-WEEDER 13 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rail, Pipe, Log, Plank -harrow/drag RAIL, PIPE, LOG, PLANK 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rod Weeder ROD WEEDER 13 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Roller ROLLER PACKER FLAT ROLLER 11 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Spike Tooth, harrow SPIKE TOOTH HARROW

GT25FT

14 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Spring Tooth, harrow SPRINGTOOTH HARROW GE15FT 14 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Powered Spike Tooth Harrow POWERED SPIKE TOOTH

HARRO

16 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Bedder BEDDER (DISK) 42 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Bed Shaper BEDDER SHAPER 21 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Disk-Hipper BEDDER DISK-ROW 29 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Disk-Row DISK 2 ROW 20 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Float FLOAT 12 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Lister LISTER (MIDDLE-BUSTER) 45 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rotovator-bedder ROTOVATOR-BEDDER 27 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Seedbed Roller SEEDBED ROLLER 1 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Sub-soil Bedder SUBSOILER-BEDDER HIP-RIP 45 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Discovator DISCOVATOR 16 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Culti-packer CULTI-PACKER PULVERIZER 13 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Roller-packer - Attachment ROLLER PACKER

ATTACHMENT

3 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Roller-packer - Smooth & Flat ROLLER PACKER FLAT ROLLER 3 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Field Cultivator-Heavy Duty FIELD CULTIVATOR GE15FT 17 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Field Cultivator-Heavy Duty FIELD CULTIVATOR GE15FT 17 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Land-all, Do-all Mix-n-till, Till-all LANDALL, DO-ALL 37 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Mulch Treader, Picker, Treader, Skew MULCH TREADER 16 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Roto-tiller ROTO-TILLER 17 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Roterra (Roto-spike, Lely) ROTARY HOE 14 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Sand-fighter SAND-FIGHTER 16 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Soil Finisher SOIL FINISHER 16 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Root Crown Puller Root Crown Puller 12 Plow, Cultivate, Other
stalk Puller chopper stalk puller chopper 13 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Field Cultivator-Heavy Duty FIELD CULTIVATOR GE15FT 31 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Field Cultivator-Heavy Duty FIELD CULTIVATOR GE15FT 31 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Fertilizer Applicators - Aerial (Fixed wing or rotary wing) AERIAL FERT APPLICATION 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer Applicators - Attachment to Implement FERT APPL ATT TO IMPL 5 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer Applicators - Manure Spreader MANURE SPREADER 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer Applicators - Self propelled FERT APP 592 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer Applicators - Truck spreader FERTTRUCK 615 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer Applicators - Tractor- mounted, anhydrous ANHYD FERT APP TRACTOR MT 14 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer Applicators - Dry (Truck Mounted) DRY FERT APPL TRACTOR MTD 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer Applicators - Tractor- mounted, liquid FERT APPL SHANK 36FT RENT 14 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer Applicators - Anhydrous (Trailer Mounted) ANHYD FERT APP TRAILER MT 13 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer Applicators - Dry (Trailer Mounted) DRY FERT SPRDR TRAILER MT 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer Applicators - Trailer- mounted, liquid (boom type sprayer) LQUD FERT APPL TRAILER MT 0 Fertilizer application
Chemical Applicators - Aerial (Fixed wing or rotary wing) AERIAL CHEM APPLICATION 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Implement attached (boom type sprayer) CHEM APPL ATT TO IMPL 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Large Self- propelled or Truck CHEM APPL LG SELF-PROP 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Motorcycle or ATV Sprayer ATV/MOTORCYCLE 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Chemical Applicators - Small Self- Propelled Sprayer CHEM APPL SM SELF-PROP 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Small Truck CHEM APPL SMTRUCK SKID MT 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Tractor Mounted CHEM APPL GE30FT TRACT MT 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Trailer mounted CHEM APPL GE30FT TRLR MTD 0 Pesticide application
Combine COMBINE SELF-PROP 2WD 0 Harvest
Aerial Seeding AERIAL SEEDING 0 Plant
Broadcast Seeder BROADCAST SEEDER 0 Plant
Drill-Air Delivery DRILL, AIR DELIVER 2 Plant
Drill-Lister Disk DRILL, LISTER 13 Plant
Drill-No-till, Minimum till DRILL, NO-TILL, MIN-TILL 2 Plant
Drill-Plain DRILL, PLAIN, DISCGRAIN GT1 5 Plant
Drill-Press, Disk or Hoe DRILL, PLAIN, DISCGRAIN GT1 13 Plant
Planter - Sprig planter Sprig Planter 5 Plant
Bedder-shaper Planter BED-SHAPER PLANTER 13 Plant
Lister-bedder, planter LISTER-BEDDER PLANTER 47 Plant
No-till, Minimum Till, planter PLANTER NO-TILL 6-ROW 2 Plant
Conventional, Regular planter STANHAY PLANTER 5 Plant
Plant-Air Delivery/vacuum PLANTER AIR-DELIVERY 6ROW 2 Plant
Ridge till PLANTER RIDGE TILL 6 ROW 5 Plant
No-till Planter Inrow Subsoiler DEEP RIPPER- SUBSOILER 6 Plant
Small Grains/Row Crops Combine- Hillside COMBINE SELF-PROP HILLSD 0 Harvest
Small Grains/Row Crops Combine- Self-propelled,2wd COMBINE SELF-PROP 2WD 0 Harvest
Small Grains/Row Crops Combine- Self-propelled,4wd COMBINE SELF-PROP 4WD 0 Harvest
Small Grains/Row Crops Combine- Track COMBINE SELF-PROP TRACK 0 Harvest
Small Grains/Row Crops Combine- PTO/motor Mounted COMBINE ROW HD PTO/MTR MT 0 Harvest
Windrower-swather-(Grain/hay) PTO WINDROWER-SWTH SELF- PROP 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Windrower-swather-(Grain/hay) Self propelled WINDROWER-SWATHER, PTO 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Combine COMBINE SELF-PROP 2WD 0 Harvest
Harvesting Equipment - Combine COMBINE SELF-PROP 2WD 0 Harvest
Harvesting Equipment - Combine COMBINE SELF-PROP 2WD 0 Harvest
Combine COMBINE SELF-PROP 2WD 0 Harvest
Harvesting Equipment - Combine COMBINE SELF-PROP 2WD 0 Harvest
Corn Picker CORN PICKER 0 Harvest
Hand Harvesting Hand Harvest 0 Harvest
Harvesting Equipment - Tassel Stalker Harvesting Equipment - Tassel Stalker 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
ForHrv nokill APEX BALER all harvest except last of annual 0 Harvest
Amish Harvester AMISH HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Bale Wagon-PTO BALE WAGON, PTO 0 Hauling
Bale Wagon-Self propelled BALE WAGON, SELF-PROP 0 Hauling
Bale Loader BALE LOADER 0 Hauling
Baler-Motor Mounted BALER, MOTOR MTD 0 Harvest
Baler-PTO(Large) BALER, PTO LARGE 0 Harvest
Baler-PTO(Small) BALER, PTO SMALL 0 Harvest
Baler-Self propelled BALER, SELF-PROPELLED 0 Harvest
Mower-chopper-Rotary MOWER COND, PTO 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Mower-Conditioner/PTO MOWER COND, PTO 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Mower-Self propelled MOWER, SICKLE 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Mower-Drum-disk MOWER, DRUM-DISC 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Mower-Flail MOWER, FLAIL 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Mower-Sickle MOWER, SICKLE 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rake-Dump RAKE, DUMP 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rake-Side Delivery RAKE, SIDE DELIVERY 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rake-Wheel RAKE, WHEEL 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Stack Mover STACK MOVER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Stacker, Automatic STACKER AUTOMATIC 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Front End Loader FRONTEND LOADER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Round Bale Mover STACK MOVER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Harvesting Equipment - Hay Tedder Harvesting Equipment - Hay Tedder 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Backhoe BACKHOE 13 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Disk Border Maker DISK BORDER MAKER 33 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Ditch Closer DITCH CLOSER 12 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Ditched, Ditcher (V or rotary) DITCHER (VEE OR ROTARY) 12 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Levee Plow Disk LEVEE-PLOW-DISC 39 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Quarter Drain Machine Quarter Drain Machine 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rear Mounted Blade REAR MOUNTED BLADE 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Corrugator CORRUGATOR 10 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Land Plane Leveler LAND PLANE-LEVELER 18 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Land Plane Leveler LAND PLANE-LEVELER 18 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Laser Planer, Laser Leveler LASER PLANER 26 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Gate Setter Gate Setter 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Bulldozer Bulldozer 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Burn Buggy BURNING UNIT 0 Burn
Chaff/Straw Saver CHAFF-STRAW SAVER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Electric-discharge Weed Killer ELECTRIC WEED KILLER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
General purpose wagon/cart UTILITY TRAILER 10 FT 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Hauling - Hay wagon GRAIN/HAY WAGON 0 Hauling
Off-field Thresher OFF-FIELD THRESHER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rock Picker ROCK PICKER 13 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rock Windrower or Rake ROCK WINDROWER OR RAKE 13 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rodent Killer RODENT KILLER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Roller Groover ROLLER GROOVER 3 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rubber-wheeled Weed Puller RUBBER-WHEEL WEED PULLER 13 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Flail Shredder MOWER, FLAIL 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Rotary Shredder ROTARY MOWER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Silage Harvester SILAGE HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Stalk Shredder, Stalk Cutter STALK SHREDDER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Swath Roller SWATH ROLLER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Tractor or Truck - No Attachments TRUCK PICKUP 1/2 TON 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Gravity Wagon GRAVITY WAGON 0 Hauling
Hauling - Grain cart with auger GRAIN/HAY WAGON 0 Hauling
Chopper (cotton Stalk Cutter) COTTON CHOPPER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Module Builder COTTON MODULE BUILDER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Gleaner, cotton COTTON GLEANER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Picker-Mounted, cotton COTTON PICKER 0 Harvest
Picker-Self-propelled, cotton COTTON PICKER 0 Harvest
Rood Machine, cotton harvest COTTON ROOD MACHINE 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Stripper-Mounted COTTON STRIPPER (MTD) 0 Harvest
Stripper-Pull Type COTTON STRIPPER PULL-TYPE 0 Harvest
Stripper-Self propelled COTTON STRIPPER SELF-PROP 0 Harvest
Trailer TRAILER 40 FT 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Boll Buggy COTTON TRAILER 0 Hauling
Hauling - Dump wagon GRAIN/HAY WAGON 0 Hauling
Flame Thrower BURNING UNIT 0 Burn
Beater-sugar beet pre-harvest MOWER, FLAIL 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Harvester-Regular or Direct, sugar beet BEET HARVESTER 27 Harvest
Harvester-Tank, sugar beet BEET HARVESTER 27 Harvest
Harvester-Other, sugar beet BEET HARVESTER 27 Harvest
Thinner-beet Mechanical (Electronic) Thinner-beet Mechanical (Electronic) 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Thinner Bt Mechanical Random Thinner Bt Mechanical Random 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Planter PLANTER REGULAR 8 ROW 5 Plant
Topper, sugar beet harvest BEET TOPPER 12 HP 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Misc Aerator from spike tooth harrow 13 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Mechanical Harvester - Multi-pass (self-propelled) Mechanical Harvest tobacco 0 Harvest
Mechanical Harvester - tobacco Last-over (self-propelled) Mechanical Harvest tobacco 0 Harvest
Mechanical Harvester - Once-over (self-propelled) Mechanical Harvest tobacco 0 Harvest
Priming Aids - tobacco Field Box Filling Priming Aids - tobacco Field Box Filling 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Priming Aids - Field Racking Priming Aids - Field Racking 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Priming Aids - Looping on Sticks in Field Priming Aids - Looping on Sticks in Field 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Priming Aids - tobacco Other Priming Aids - tobacco Other 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Trailer/Wagon/Cart TRAILER 40 FT 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Transplanter TRANSPLANTER 4-ROW 12FT 5 Plant
Transplant Digger Transplant Digger 25 Plant
DRYFTRLR DRYFTRLR 0 Fertilizer application
Stripping Machine Stripping Machine 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Stripper, Carousel Stripper, Carousel 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Swinging Frame or Schaffel Wagon Swinging Frame or Schaffel Wagon 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
LQDFTRLR LQDFTRLR 0 Fertilizer application
MANSPDER MANSPDER 0 Fertilizer application
SPFTSPDR SPFTSPDR 0 Fertilizer application
ANIMAL ANIMAL 0 Fertilizer application
Tobacco Transplanter Tobacco Transplanter 5 Plant
Mechanical Harvester - Multi-pass (PTO driven) Mechanical Harvest tobacco 0 Harvest
Mechanical Harvester - Last-over (PTO driven) Mechanical Harvest tobacco 0 Harvest
Mechanical Harvester - Once-over (PTO driven) Mechanical Harvest tobacco 0 Harvest
Hand Planted tobacco TRANSPLANTER 4-ROW 12FT 5 Plant
Combine, PTO COMBINE, Peanut 0 Harvest
Digger-shaker, peanut PEANUT DIGGER-SHAKER 18 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Shaker-inverter, peanut harvest PEANUT SHAKER-INVERTER 18 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Reshaker-conditioner peanut PEANUT RESHAKER-COND 16 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Vine cutter PEANUT VINE CUTTER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Peanut Equipment - Wagon PEANUT WAGON 0 Hauling
Combine, PTO, before baler COMBINE, Peanut, before baler 10 Harvest
Trucks - Single Axle TRUCK SGL AXLE-DIESEL 2TO 0 Hauling
Trucks - Double Axle TRUCK TNDM AXLE-DIES 4TON 0 Hauling
Trucks - Tri-Axle TRUCK SEMI W TRAILER-DIES 0 Hauling
Trucks - Semi TRUCK SEMI W TRAILER-DIES 0 Hauling
Trucks - Other truck TRUCK PICKUP 1/2 TON 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Fruit Nut Vine root removal Fruit Nut Vine root removal 53 Harvest
fruitNutPrune fruitNutPrune 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
fruitNutThin fruitNutThin 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
fruitNutHarv fruitNutHarv 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
burn leaves trash 12% burn leaves trash 12% 0 Harvest
Sugarcane Equipment - Billet Planters MECHANICAL PLANTER SUGARCANE 13 Plant
Sugarcane Equipment - Hand Planters MECHANICAL PLANTER SUGARCANE 13 Plant
Sugarcane Equipment - Single Row Chopper Harvester CANE HARVESTER 1 ROW 0 Harvest
Sugarcane Equipment - Single Row Soldier Harvester CANE HARVESTER 1 ROW 0 Harvest
Sugarcane Equipment - Two Row Soldier Harvesters CANE HARVESTER 2 ROW 0 Harvest
Sugarcane Equipment - Billet, field transfer wagon CANE WAGON 10TON 0 Hauling
Sugarcane Equipment - Wholestalk, field transfer wagon CANE WAGON 10TON 0 Hauling
Sugarcane Equipment - Wholestalk Loader, field SP CANE LOADER 0 Hauling
Root Crop Digger Harvester POTATO HARVESTER 27 Harvest
Vegetable Planter BEET PLANTER 8 ROW 5 Plant
Vegetable Picker (Snap Bean) Bean Picker 0 Harvest
Sugarcane Equipment - Row Shaver SUGARCANE SHAVER 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Plastic Mulcher Bedder CANE HARVESTER 2 ROW 14 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Vegetable Trans Planter Vegetable Transplanter 5 Plant
Row-Disk Sweep, Shovel; cultivator ROLLING CULTIVATOR GE15FT 16 Plow, Cultivate, Other
ATV general ATV general 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Harvest combine for stover Combine for Stover 0 Harvest
Harvest stover40 stover40 0 Harvest
Harvest stover60 stover60 0 Harvest
Harvest stover80 stover80 0 Harvest
Med Residue Baler before Graze Harvest Straw after combine before graze 0 Harvest
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast no incorp 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
KILL KILL 0 Kill
Combine - potato Potato Combine 37 Harvest
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast no incorp 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast incorp 14 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation In furrow or with seed or band 5 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation With irrigation water 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Knifed or injected 7 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Banded or side dressed on or above row 5 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Foliar or directed spray 0 Fertilizer application
Harvester vegetable greens VEG HARVEST Greens 0 Harvest
Harvester turnip or radish root VEG HARVEST Root 27 Harvest
Harvester sod turf Sod Harv 11 Harvest
Harvester Brussel sprouts VEG HARVEST Brussel sprouts 0 Harvest
Harvester onions Onion Harv 26 Harvest
tying machine tying machine 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
tobacco topper tobacco topper 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Harvester green bean or pea VEG HARVEST pea 0 Harvest
Harvester tomato VEGETABLE HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Harvester sweet corn VEGETABLE HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Harvester pumpkin or squash VEGETABLE HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Harvester sweet potatoes VEGETABLE HARVESTER 27 Harvest
Harvester cabbage or lettuce VEGETABLE HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Harvester melons VEGETABLE HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Harvester chili or hot peppers VEGETABLE HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Harvester cucumbers VEGETABLE HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Harvester eggplant or bell pepper VEGETABLE HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Harvester celery VEGETABLE HARVESTER 11 Harvest
Harvester strawberries VEGETABLE HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Harvester cauliflower or broccoli VEGETABLE HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Harvester graze grain then kill Graze 0 Harvest
Harvester combine for straw Straw harvester 0 Harvest
Med Residue Baler Harvester Straw after combine 0 Harvest
High Residue Baler Harvester Straw after mower 0 Harvest
Transplanter, Carousel Transplanter, Carousel 5 Plant
Clear Cut tree clear cutting 0 Harvest
Tree Hole Punch planter for tree seedlings 11 Plant
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast no incorp 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast incorp 14 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast no incorp 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast incorp 14 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast incorp 7 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation With irrigation water 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation With irrigation water 0 Fertilizer application
Harvester forage then graze Harvester forage then graze 0 Harvest
Low Residue Baler Harvest Straw 0 Harvest
Idle Fallow Placeholder Fallow placeholder 0 Plant
Chisel Plow 6-inch CHISEL PLOW GT21FT 45 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Chisel Plow 12-inch CHISEL PLOW GT15FT 46 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Chisel Plow 15-inch CHISEL PLOW LE15FT 93 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Deep Ripper 10-inch DEEP RIPPER- SUBSOILER 50 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Deep Ripper 16-inch DEEP RIPPER- SUBSOILER 64 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Subsoiler 10-inch DEEP RIPPER- SUBSOILER 50 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Subsoiler 18-inch DEEP RIPPER- SUBSOILER 82 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Disk-chisel 4-inch DISK CHISEL (MULCH TILLER 18 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Disk-chisel 8-inch DISK CHISEL (MULCH TILLER 27 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Offset Disk-Heavy Disk 6-inch OFFSET DIS/HEAVDUTY GE19F 42 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Offset Disk-Heavy Disk 12-inch OFFSET DIS/HEAVDUTY14-18F 53 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Disk bedder -Hipper 4-inch BEDDER DISK-HIPPER 25 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Disk bedder -Hipper 6-inch BEDDER DISK-HIPPER 34 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Sub-soil Bedder 6-inch SUBSOILER-BEDDER HIP-RIP 32 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Sub-soil Bedder 15-inch SUBSOILER-BEDDER HIP-RIP 64 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Mower-Flail MOWER, FLAIL w/no removal 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Harvest graze grain Graze 0 Harvest
Start Grazing Start Grazing 0 Graze
Stop Grazing Stop Grazing 0 Graze
Stop Grazing Stop Grazing 0 Graze
Stop Grazing Stop Grazing 0 Graze
Stop Grazing Stop Grazing 0 Graze
Stop Grazing Stop Grazing 0 Graze
Stop drainage flow Stop drainage flow 0 Stop drainage flow
Open drainage flow Open drainage flow 0 Open drainage flow
Paddy build Paddy build 12 Build furrow dikes
Paddy remove Paddy remove 0 Destroy furrow dikes
block infiltration for rice prod block infiltration for rice prod 16 Puddle
open infiltration for rice prod open infiltration for rice prod 16 Destroy puddle
Start graze reported to NASS Start graze reported to NASS 0 Graze
Stop graze reported to NASS Stop graze reported to NASS 0 Graze
kill CC with pesticide kill CC with pesticide 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Silage Harvester SILAGE HARVESTER 0 Harvest
Mower-Flail MOWER, FLAIL w/no removal 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Picker Mtd w grazing COTTON PICKER w grazing 0 Harvest
Combine, PTO, forage COMBINE, Peanut, forage 10 Harvest
CENTER PIVOT SPRINKLER CENTER PIVOT SPRINKLER 0 Irrigation
IRRIGATION 100HP MOTOR IRRIGATION 100HP MOTOR 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
FURROW IRRIGATION FURROW IRRIGATION 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
IRR12 AC IN IRR12 AC IN 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
IRR10 AC IN IRR10 AC IN 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
IRR8 AC IN IRR8 AC IN 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
IRR6 AC IN IRR6 AC IN 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
IRR5 AC IN IRR5 AC IN 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
IRR4 AC IN IRR4 AC IN 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
IRRIGATE IRRIGATE 0 Irrigation
IRRIGATE IRRIGATE 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast no incorp 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast incorp 14 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast no incorp 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation In furrow or with seed or band 5 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation With irrigation water 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Knifed or injected 7 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Banded or side dressed on or above row 5 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Foliar or directed spray 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Foliar or directed spray 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast no incorp 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast incorp 14 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast no incorp 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation In furrow or with seed or band 5 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation With irrigation water 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Knifed or injected 7 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Banded or side dressed on or above row 5 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Foliar or directed spray 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Foliar or directed spray 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast no incorp 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast incorp 14 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast no incorp 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast incorp 14 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation Surface Broadcast incorp 12 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation With irrigation water 0 Fertilizer application
Fertilizer application operation With irrigation water 0 Fertilizer application
Hand-move Hand-move 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
SiphTubeUnlndDtch-Dtch SiphTubeUnlndDtch-Dtch 0 Irrigation
SiphTubeLndDtch-Dtch SiphTubeLndDtch-Dtch 0 Irrigation
PortlSysUnlndDtch-Dtch PortlSysUnlndDtch-Dtch 0 Irrigation
PortlSysLndDtch-Dtch PortlSysLndDtch-Dtch 0 Irrigation
AnyPolyPipeSys-Dtch AnyPolyPipeSys-Dtch 0 Irrigation
GtdPipeNotPoly-Dtch GtdPipeNotPoly-Dtch 0 Irrigation
ImprvdGtdPipeSrgCble-Dtch ImprvdGtdPipeSrgCble-Dtch 0 Irrigation
SubIrrig-Dtch SubIrrig-Dtch 6 Irrigation
OpenDisch-Dtch OpenDisch-Dtch 0 Irrigation
Other-Dtch Other-Dtch 0 Irrigation
HndMv-Pipe HndMv-Pipe 0 Irrigation
Solid_PermSet-Pipe Solid_PermSet-Pipe 0 Irrigation
SideRoll_WhlLn-Pipe SideRoll_WhlLn-Pipe 0 Irrigation
CntPiv_LinMvImptSpr-Pipe CntPiv_LinMvImptSpr-Pipe 0 Irrigation
CntPiv_linMvLowPrs-Pipe CntPiv_linMvLowPrs-Pipe 0 Irrigation
CntPiv_linMvNrGrndEmit-Pipe CntPiv_linMvNrGrndEmit-Pipe 0 Irrigation
Big Gun -Pipe Big Gun -Pipe 0 Irrigation
LowFlowIrr-Pipe LowFlowIrr-Pipe 0 Irrigation
OtherPres-Pipe OtherPres-Pipe 0 Irrigation
SiphTubeUnlndDtch-Pipe SiphTubeUnlndDtch-Pipe 0 Irrigation
SiphTubeLndDtch-Pipe SiphTubeLndDtch-Pipe 0 Irrigation
PortlSysUnlndDtch-Pipe PortlSysUnlndDtch-Pipe 0 Irrigation
PortlSysLndDtch-Pipe PortlSysLndDtch-Pipe 0 Irrigation
AnyPolyPipeSys-Pipe AnyPolyPipeSys-Pipe 0 Irrigation
GtdPipeNotPoly-Pipe GtdPipeNotPoly-Pipe 0 Irrigation
ImprvdGtdPipeSrgCble-Pipe ImprvdGtdPipeSrgCble-Pipe 0 Irrigation
SubIrrig-Pipe SubIrrig-Pipe 6 Irrigation
OpenDisch-Pipe OpenDisch-Pipe 0 Irrigation
Other-Pipe Other-Pipe 0 Irrigation
SiphTubeUnlndDtch-DtchIWM SiphTubeUnlndDtch-DtchIWM 0 Irrigation
SiphTubeLndDtch-DtchIWM SiphTubeLndDtch-DtchIWM 0 Irrigation
PortlSysUnlndDtch-DtchIWM PortlSysUnlndDtch-DtchIWM 0 Irrigation
PortlSysLndDtch-DtchIWM PortlSysLndDtch-DtchIWM 0 Irrigation
AnyPolyPipeSys-DtchIWM AnyPolyPipeSys-DtchIWM 0 Irrigation
GtdPipeNotPoly-DtchIWM GtdPipeNotPoly-DtchIWM 0 Irrigation
ImprvdGtdPipeSrgCble-DtchIWM ImprvdGtdPipeSrgCble-DtchIWM 0 Irrigation
SubIrrig-DtchIWM SubIrrig-DtchIWM 6 Irrigation
OpenDisch-DtchIWM OpenDisch-DtchIWM 0 Irrigation
Other-DtchIWM Other-DtchIWM 0 Irrigation
HndMv-PipeIWM HndMv-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
Solid_PermSet-PipeIWM Solid_PermSet-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
SideRoll_WhlLn-PipeIWM SideRoll_WhlLn-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
CntPiv_LinMvImptSpr-PipeIWM CntPiv_LinMvImptSpr-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
CntPiv_linMvLowPrs-PipeIWM CntPiv_linMvLowPrs-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
CntPiv_linMvNrGrndEmit- PipeIWM CntPiv_linMvNrGrndEmit- PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
Big Gun -PipeIWM Big Gun -PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
LowFlowIrr-PipeIWM LowFlowIrr-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
OtherPres-PipeIWM OtherPres-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
SiphTubeUnlndDtch-PipeIWM SiphTubeUnlndDtch-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
SiphTubeLndDtch-PipeIWM SiphTubeLndDtch-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
PortlSysUnlndDtch-PipeIWM PortlSysUnlndDtch-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
PortlSysLndDtch-PipeIWM PortlSysLndDtch-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
AnyPolyPipeSys-PipeIWM AnyPolyPipeSys-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
GtdPipeNotPoly-PipeIWM GtdPipeNotPoly-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
ImprvdGtdPipeSrgCble-PipeIWM ImprvdGtdPipeSrgCble-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
SubIrrig-PipeIWM SubIrrig-PipeIWM 6 Irrigation
OpenDisch-PipeIWM OpenDisch-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
Other-PipeIWM Other-PipeIWM 0 Irrigation
NP PortlSysUnlndDtch-Dtch NP PortlSysUnlndDtch-Dtch 0 Irrigation
NP GtdPipeNotPoly-Dtch NP GtdPipeNotPoly-Dtch 0 Irrigation
NP PortlSysUnlndDtch-Pipe NP PortlSysUnlndDtch-Pipe 0 Irrigation
NP GtdPipeNotPoly-Pipe NP GtdPipeNotPoly-Pipe 0 Irrigation
Chemical Applicators - Aerial (Fixed wing or rotary wing) AERIAL CHEM APPLICATION 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Implement attached (boom type sprayer) CHEM APPL ATT TO IMPL 11 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Large Self- propelled or Truck CHEM APPL LG SELF-PROP 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Motorcycle or ATV Sprayer ATV/MOTORCYCLE 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Small Self- Propelled Sprayer CHEM APPL SM SELF-PROP 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Small Truck CHEM APPL SMTRUCK SKID MT 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Tractor Mounted CHEM APPL GE30FT TRACT MT 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Applicators - Trailer mounted CHEM APPL GE30FT TRLR MTD 0 Pesticide application
Chemical Application - Sprayer SPRAYER 0 Pesticide application
Pest Irrigation (chemigation) Pest Irrigation (chemigation) 0 Pesticide application
Tandem disk 14-18 feet TANDEM DISK REG 14-18FT 37 Pesticide application
Perennial Seed Combine-Self- propelled,2wd COMBINE SELF-PROP 2WD - rep

of 122, run builder

0 Harvest
Seed combine for straw Seed comb before straw harv, from 432 0 Harvest
Harvest Straw after combine, perennial Harvest Straw after combine, perennial 0 Harvest
Harvest Straw after mower, perennial Harvest Straw after mower, perennial 0 Harvest
Silage Harvester no kill SILAGE HARVESTER no kill 0 Harvest
Start Graze Start Graze 0 Graze
Stop Grazing Stop Grazing 0 Graze
Seed furrow Seed furrow 11 Pesticide application
Chemigation Chemigation 0 Pesticide application
Chisel/injection/knife Chisel/injection/knife 10 Pesticide application
Direct spray foliar Direct spray foliar 0 Pesticide application
Seed treatment Seed treatment 11 Pesticide application
Brdcstgrd Broadcast ground 0 Pesticide application
Brdcstgrdhood Broadcast ground hood 0 Pesticide application
Brdcstgrdfoliar Broadcast ground foliar 0 Pesticide application
Brdcstgrdinc Broadcast ground incorporated 11 Pesticide application
Brdcstgrdhdinc Broadcast ground hood incorporated 11 Pesticide application
Brdcstair Broadcast aerial 0 Pesticide application
Brdcstairfoliar Broadcast aerial foliar 0 Pesticide application
Band/side dress Band/side dress 0 Pesticide application
Band/ side dress hd Band/ side dress hood 0 Pesticide application
Band/ side dress fol Band/ side dress foliar 0 Pesticide application
Band/ side dress inj Band/ side dress injected 10 Pesticide application
Spottrmt Spot treatment 0 Pesticide application
Spottrmthood Spot treatment hood 0 Pesticide application
Spottrmtfoliar Spot treatment foliar 0 Pesticide application
Transplanter TRANSPLANTER 4-ROW 12FT 5 Plant
plant almond plant almond 5 Plant
plant pistachio plant pistachio 5 Plant
plant walnut plant walnut 5 Plant
plant olive plant olive 5 Plant
plant pear Bartlett plant pear Bartlett 5 Plant
plant sweet cherry plant sweet cherry 5 Plant
plant orange navel plant orange navel 5 Plant
plant grape fresh plant grape fresh 5 Plant
plant grape dry plant grape dry 5 Plant
plant peach cling plant peach cling 5 Plant
prune p5 almond prune p5 almond 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p5 pistachio prune p5 pistachio 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p5 walnut prune p5 walnut 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p5 olive prune p5 olive 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p5 pear Bartlett prune p5 pear Bartlett 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p5 sweet cherry prune p5 sweet cherry 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p5 orange navel prune p5 orange navel 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p5 grape fresh prune p5 grape fresh 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p5 grape dry prune p5 grape dry 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p5 peach cling prune p5 peach cling 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p6 almond prune p6 almond 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p6 pistachio prune p6 pistachio 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p6 walnut prune p6 walnut 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p6 olive prune p6 olive 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p6 pear Bartlett prune p6 pear Bartlett 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p6 sweet cherry prune p6 sweet cherry 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p6 orange navel prune p6 orange navel 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p6 grape fresh prune p6 grape fresh 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p6 grape dry prune p6 grape dry 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p6 peach cling prune p6 peach cling 0 Plow, Cultivate, Other
prune p7 almond prune p7 almond 0 Harvest
prune p7 pistachio prune p7 pistachio 0 Harvest
prune p7 walnut prune p7 walnut 0 Harvest
prune p7 olive prune p7 olive 0 Harvest
prune p7 pear Bartlett prune p7 pear Bartlett 0 Harvest
prune p7 sweet cherry prune p7 sweet cherry 0 Harvest
prune p7 orange navel prune p7 orange navel 0 Harvest
prune p7 grape fresh prune p7 grape fresh 0 Harvest
prune p7 grape dry prune p7 grape dry 0 Harvest
prune p7 peach cling prune p7 peach cling 0 Harvest
harvest p6 almond harvest p6 almond 0 Harvest
harvest p6 pistachio harvest p6 pistachio 0 Harvest
harvest p6 walnut harvest p6 walnut 0 Harvest
harvest p6 olive harvest p6 olive 0 Harvest
harvest p6 pear Bartlett harvest p6 pear Bartlett 0 Harvest
harvest p6 sweet cherry harvest p6 sweet cherry 0 Harvest
harvest p6 orange navel harvest p6 orange navel 0 Harvest
harvest p6 grape fresh harvest p6 grape fresh 0 Harvest
harvest p6 grape dry harvest p6 grape dry 0 Harvest
harvest p6 peach cling harvest p6 peach cling 0 Harvest
harvest p7 almond harvest p7 almond 0 Harvest
harvest p7 pistachio harvest p7 pistachio 0 Harvest
harvest p7 walnut harvest p7 walnut 0 Harvest
harvest p7 olive harvest p7 olive 0 Harvest
harvest p7 pear Bartlett harvest p7 pear Bartlett 0 Harvest
harvest p7 sweet cherry harvest p7 sweet cherry 0 Harvest
harvest p7 orange navel harvest p7 orange navel 0 Harvest
harvest p7 grape fresh harvest p7 grape fresh 0 Harvest
harvest p7 grape dry harvest p7 grape dry 0 Harvest
harvest p7 peach cling harvest p7 peach cling 0 Harvest
Irrigation - efficiency 54% Irrigation - efficiency 54% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 55% Irrigation - efficiency 55% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 56% Irrigation - efficiency 56% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 57% Irrigation - efficiency 57% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 58% Irrigation - efficiency 58% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 59% Irrigation - efficiency 59% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 60% Irrigation - efficiency 60% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 61% Irrigation - efficiency 61% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 62% Irrigation - efficiency 62% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 63% Irrigation - efficiency 63% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 64% Irrigation - efficiency 64% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 65% Irrigation - efficiency 65% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 66% Irrigation - efficiency 66% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 67% Irrigation - efficiency 67% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 68% Irrigation - efficiency 68% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 69% Irrigation - efficiency 69% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 70% Irrigation - efficiency 70% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 71% Irrigation - efficiency 71% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 72% Irrigation - efficiency 72% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 73% Irrigation - efficiency 73% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 74% Irrigation - efficiency 74% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 75% Irrigation - efficiency 75% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 76% Irrigation - efficiency 76% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 77% Irrigation - efficiency 77% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 78% Irrigation - efficiency 78% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 79% Irrigation - efficiency 79% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 80% Irrigation - efficiency 80% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 81% Irrigation - efficiency 81% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 82% Irrigation - efficiency 82% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 83% Irrigation - efficiency 83% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 84% Irrigation - efficiency 84% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 85% Irrigation - efficiency 85% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 86% Irrigation - efficiency 86% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 87% Irrigation - efficiency 87% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 88% Irrigation - efficiency 88% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 89% Irrigation - efficiency 89% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 90% Irrigation - efficiency 90% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 91% Irrigation - efficiency 91% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 92% Irrigation - efficiency 92% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 93% Irrigation - efficiency 93% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 94% Irrigation - efficiency 94% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 95% Irrigation - efficiency 95% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 96% Irrigation - efficiency 96% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 97% Irrigation - efficiency 97% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 98% Irrigation - efficiency 98% 0 Irrigation
Irrigation - efficiency 99% Irrigation - efficiency 99% 0 Irrigation

Sources

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 https://www.tema-agriculture-terroirs.fr/cultivar-grandes-cultures/materiel/stir-un-indicateur-pour-mesurer-les-perturbations-mecaniques-des-sols-864915.php
  2. ↑ https://www.progres-sol.ch/fileadmin/progres-sol/documents/22_PPT_00P_1ere_conference_-presentation_Marina.pdf
  3. ↑ Qualité des sols et séquestration de carbone organique Synthèse des études et recommandations pour le Plan climat vaudois  : https://www.vd.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/themes/environnement/sol/fichiers_pdf/210217_R%C3%A9sum%C3%A9_Qualite_des_sols_et_s%C3%A9questration_de_carbopne_organique_-_synthese_et_recommandations.pdf
  4. ↑ Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) Tillage Classification Methodology https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2024-11/Conservation_Effects_Assessment_Project_%28CEAP%29_Tillage_Classification_Methodology_508.pdf
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