Growing Species Suited to Soil Type
Presentation
Technique characterization
Technique description :
| Alexandra Cherifi | Agri-viticultural farm Auxerre - La Brosse | alexandra.cherifi(at)educagri.fr | Auxerre (89) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rémy Ballot | INRA | remy.ballot(at)grignon.inra.fr | Grignon (78) |
Spam prevention: To use these addresses, replace (at) with @
Establish crops adapted to the soil type and its constraints (available water capacity, hydromorphy, warming rate…).
Example of implementation :
Avoid planting crops sensitive to hydromorphy (rapeseed, legumes…) on poorly drained soils.
Avoid planting late-harvest crops (maize grain, sunflower…) on soils with insufficient bearing capacity at that time.
Avoid planting water-demanding crops (maize...) on soils with low available water capacity.
Avoid planting short-cycle crops (spring crops...) on soils with slow warming (loams...).
Implementation period On established crop
Spatial scale of implementation Plot
Application of the technique to...
All crops : Easily generalizable
Some crops are more "flexible" than others regarding soil types (winter soft wheat…)
All soil types : Easily generalizable
Some soil types are suitable for growing a greater diversity of species than others (deep non-hydromorphic soils…).
All climatic contexts : Easily generalizable
Crop choice must also consider the climate associated with the soil type (average annual rainfall, temperature, radiation…)
Effects on cropping system sustainability
“Environmental” criteria
Effect on water quality : Increasing
N.P. : DECREASE
pesticides : DECREASE
turbidity : DECREASE
Effect on fossil resource consumption : Variable
fossil energy consumption : VARIABLE
Other : No effect (neutral)
Planting crops adapted to soil type should reduce the need for chemical control against bio-aggressors and avoid increased nitrogen doses intended to compensate for delayed mineralization. It thus helps limit the risk of transfer of phytosanitary products and nitrogen to water.
The impact of this technique on fuel consumption depends on the chosen crop and the less adapted crops that could have been planted.
“Agronomic” criteria
Productivity : Variable
Replacing a less adapted crop with one suited to the soil type can lead to yield reduction (example: substituting wheat for maize…) but the ratio of actual yield to potential yield should be maximized.
Soil fertility : No effect (neutral)
Water stress : Decreasing
If adapting the crop to the soil type leads to selecting a crop whose water needs coincide with availability periods (example: winter crops on shallow soil…), then water availability for crops can be considered improved.
Other agronomic criteria : Variable
Choosing crops adapted to soil type may limit crop diversity; for example, on shallow soils, it may lead to planting only autumn crops.
“Economic” criteria
Operating costs : Variable
Depending on the chosen crop and the less adapted crops that could have been planted, the impact on operating costs varies. However, compared to planting the same crop on a less suitable soil type, phytosanitary protection costs should be reduced.
Mechanization costs : Variable
In some cases, planting crops on soil types to which they are poorly adapted may increase mechanization costs (e.g., track equipment for harvesting…).
Margin : Variable
Other economic criteria : Variable
Margins on rotation :variable
Depending on the chosen crop and the less adapted crops that could have been planted, profitability impact varies; in some cases, a poorly adapted crop requiring more numerous and costly interventions may still be more profitable than a better adapted crop.
“Social” criteria
Working time : Variable
The impact of this technique on mechanization time depends on the chosen crop and the less adapted crops that could have been planted.
Peak period : Variable
The impact of this technique on workload depends on the chosen crop and the less adapted crops that could have been planted.
Observation time : Variable
The impact of this technique on observation time depends on the chosen crop and the less adapted crops that could have been planted.
For more information
- Thematic sheet : Crop site selection
- -AFPP
2011
Keywords
Bioaggressor control method : Cultural control
Mode of action : Mitigation
Pesticide use strategy type : Redesign
Appendices
Défavorise les bioagresseurs suivants
